PENERAPAN EKONOMI DALAM KOPRASI DESA MERAH PUTIH

Abstract

The "Merah Putih" Village Cooperative (Kopdes) program is a strategic government initiative based on Presidential Instruction No. 9 of 2025, serving as a concrete implementation of Article 33 Paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution and Law No. 25 of 1992 to welcome the Indonesia Emas 2045 vision. This study aims to analyze the execution strategy, budgetary governance, application of economic principles, as well as the impacts and operational constraints regarding the target of establishing 80,000 cooperatives at the village level. Employing a descriptive-qualitative approach, this research utilizes public policy reviews and case study analyses. The findings indicate that the program integrates state fiscal mechanisms by utilizing Rp457.5 trillion from the APBN's Excess Budget Balance (SAL), channeled through four state-owned (BUMN) banks as soft credit stimuli, supported by cashless transaction digitalization via the State Treasury Service Office (KPPN). Empirically, the presence of these cooperatives has successfully shortened distribution chains, suppressed local inflation through affordable basic commodities, emancipated residents from predatory lenders, and expanded the market scale of the rural real sector. However, long-term effectiveness is still hindered by challenges such as managerial capacity gaps among management boards, low financial literacy among residents, and the necessity for continuous supervision. This study concludes that cross-sector synergy involving state financial instruments, digital ecosystem adoption, banking institutions, and local participation constitutes the primary key to achieving inclusive economic independence starting from the village level.